Well,
Direct connction to modem [Tried & Did not help]
VPN/Proxy's [Tried & Did not help]
Running as admin [Tried & Did not help]
Compability mode's [Tried & Did not help]
Opening port's [Tried & Did not help]
Turning off firewall & making exceptions [Tried & Did not help]
Fresh Install [Tried & Did not help]
Been playing since early beta (sadly not during the first month of it going p2p, coulnt get my hands on it for a while) and this is the first time I'm having any issues that i cannot solve by myself.
It feels kinda wierd asking for help but I'm running out of options, and non of the posted fixes helped me.
The ONLY thing that worked for me was installing a very old version (2.5.1) was the install i had available and updating from there. It works fine now, but if i try to repair install instant crash before the update even begins so i assume i'm having the same issue as you with being unable to reach the update server. Also not one of those fixes worked for me either, only the installing an old version and updating from there, which is a hassle and takes extra time.
Dude VPN is not working. you should use SOCKS protocol. With proxifier you can select one HTTPS server type (you should have an account) and run and its done.